Ferdinand E. Marcos
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
Flag
1985-1986
National Coat of arms
1946-1965
1978-1986
Presidential Seals
1951-1965
1981-1986
1981-1986
| Era | Tenth President of the Philippines |
| Sixth and Last President of the Third Republic | |
| First President of the Fourth Republic | |
| Constitution | Amended 1935 Constitution |
| 1973 Constitution | |
| Amended 1973 Constitution | |
| Predecessor | Diosdado Macapagal |
| Successor | Corazon C. Aquino |
| Date Elected | November 9, 1965; 3,861,324 votes (51.94% of the electorate) |
| November 11, 1969; 5,017,343 votes (61.47% of the electorate) | |
| June 16, 1981 18,309,360 votes (88.02% of the electorate) | |
| February 7, 1986; COMELEC tally: 10,807,197 votes (53.62% of the electorate); NAMFREL tally: 7, 376, 599 votes (47.37% of the electorate) |
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| Inauguration | December 30, 1965, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 48) |
| December 30, 1969, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 52) | |
| June 30, 1981, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 64) | |
| February 25, 1986, Malacañan Palace, Manila (aged 69) | |
| Seat of Government | Quezon City (1965-1978) |
| Manila (1978-1986) | |
| Vice President | Fernando Lopez (December 30, 1965-December 30, 1969) (December 30, 1969-September 23, 1972) |
| Prime Minister | Ferdinand E. Marcos (concurrent capacity as President) (June 12, 1978-June 30, 1981) |
| Cesar E.A. Virata (June 30, 1981-February 25, 1986) | |
| Chief Justice | Ramon C. Aquino (November 20, 1985-March 6, 1986) |
| Felix V. Makasiar (July 25, 1985-November 19, 1985) | |
| Enrique M. Fernando (July 2, 1979-July 24, 1985) | |
| Fred Ruiz Castro (January 5, 1976-April 19, 1979) | |
| Querube C. Makalintal (October 21, 1973-December 22, 1975); | |
| Roberto V. Concepcion (June 17, 1966-April 18, 1973); | |
| Cesar Bengzon (April 28, 1961-May 29, 1966) | |
| Senate President | Gil Puyat (January 26, 1967-September 23, 1972) |
| Arturo M. Tolentino (January 17, 1966-January 26, 1967) | |
| Speaker of the National Assembly | Nicanor E. Yñiguez (July 23, 1984-March 25, 1986) |
| Querube C. Makalintal (June 12, 1978-June 30, 1984) | |
| Speaker of the House | Cornelio T. Villareal (April 1, 1971-September 23, 1972) |
| Jose B. Laurel Jr. (February 2, 1967-April 1, 1971) | |
| Cornelio T. Villareal (January 17, 1966-February 2, 1967) | |
| Previous Positions | |
| Executive | Presidential Technical Assistant (1946-1947) |
| Legislative | Upper House: Senator (1959-1965) |
| Lower House: Representative, Second District of Ilocos Norte (1949-1959) | |
| Judicial | None |
| Others | Military: Major (active service); Colonel (inactive), U.S. Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) |
| 1st Place in the Philippine Bar Examination (1939) | |
| Worked under other Administrations | QUEZON as Member of United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) |
| ROXAS as Technical Assistant | |
| QUIRINO as Congressman | |
| MAGSAYSAY as Congressman | |
| GARCIA as Congressman | |
| MACAPAGAL as Senate President | |
| Personal Details | |
| Born | September 11, 1917 |
| Sarrat, Ilocos Norte | |
| Died | September 28, 1989 |
| Honolulu, Hawaii | |
| Resting Place | Ilocos Norte |
| Political Parties | Liberal Party (1949-1965) |
| Nacionalista Party (1965-1978) | |
| Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978-1986) | |
| Parents | Mariano Marcos |
| Josefa Quetulio Edralin | |
| Spouse | Imelda Trinidad Romualdez |
| Children | Maria Imelda Marcos |
| Ferdinand Marcos Jr. | |
| Irene Marcos-Araneta | |
| Aimee Marcos | |
| Education | University of the Philippines High School (1934) |
| Bachelor of Laws, University of the Philippines (1939) | |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Food | Salvador Escudero III Minister of Agriculture and Food (1984-1986) |
| Department of Agriculture | Fernando Lopez Secretary of Agriculture (1965-1971) |
| Jose Feliciano Secretary of Agriculture (1963-1965) |
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| Benjamin Gozon Secretary of Agriculture (1962-1963) |
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| Jose Locsin Secretary of Agriculture (1961) |
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| Ministry of Budget and Management | Alberto Romulo Minister of Budget and Management (February 26, 1986-March 8, 19987) |
| Manuel Alba Minister of Budget and Management (January 25, 1981-February 28, 1986) |
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| Jaime Laya Minister of Budget and Management (June 12, 1978-January 12, 1981) |
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| Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports | Jaime Laya Minister of Education, Culture, and Sports (January 1984-February 1986) |
| Onofre Corpuz Minister of Education, Culture, and Sports (July 1979-1984) |
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| Department of Education, Culture, and Sports | Juan Manuel Secretary of Education, Culture, and Sports (April 21, 1971-June 1979) |
| Onofre Corpuz Acting Secretary of Education, Culture, and Sports (December 17, 1967-April 20, 1971) |
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| Carlos P. Romulo Secretary of Education, Culture, and Sports (December 30, 1965-December 16, 1967) |
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| Ministry of Energy | Geronimo Velasco Minister of Energy (1978-1986) |
| Ministry of Natural Resources | Carlos G. Dominguez Minister of Natural Resources (December 2, 1986-March 9, 1987) |
| Ernesto M. Maceda Minister of Natural Resources (February 26, 1986-December 1, 1986) |
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| Rodolfo P. Del Rosario Minister of Natural Resources (July 18, 1984-February 24, 1986) |
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| Teodoro Q. Peña Minister of Natural Resources (July 27, 1981-June 30, 1984) |
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| Department of Environment and Natural Resources | Jose J. Leido Jr. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources (May 17, 1974-July 26, 1981) |
| Ministry of Finance | Cesar E.A. Virata Minister of Finance (June 30, 1981-March 3, 1986) |
| Department of Finance | Cesar E.A. Virata Secretary of Finance (February 9, 1970-June 30, 1981) |
| Eduardo Romualdez Secretary of Finance (January 1, 1996-February 4, 1970) |
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| Rufino G. Hechanova Secretary of Finance (January 8, 1964-December 13, 1965) |
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| Rodrigo Perez Secretary of Finance (August 1, 1962-January 7, 1964) |
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| Fernando Sison Secretary of Finance (January 2, 1962-July 31, 1962) |
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| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Carlos P. Romulo Minister of Foreign Affairs (1981-1984) |
| Department of Foreign Affairs | Carlos P. Romulo Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1969-1981) |
| Narciso Ramos Secretary of Foreign Affairs (January 1966-December 1968) |
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| Mauro B. Mendez Secretary of Foreign Affairs (May 1964-December 1965) |
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| Salvador P. Lopez Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1963-1964) |
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| Emmanuel Pelaez Secretary of Foreign Affairs (December 30, 1961-July 1963) |
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| Ministry of Health | Jesus C. Azurin Minister of Health (July 28, 1981-July 1, 1984) |
| Department of Health | Enrique Garcia Secretary of Health (July 24, 1979-June 30, 1981) |
| Clemente Gatmaitan Secretary of Health (January 17, 1973-July 23, 1979) |
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| Amadeo Cruz Secretary of Health (August 2, 1968-December 25, 1971) |
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| Paulino Garcia Secretary of Health (December 30, 1965-August 1, 1968) |
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| Manuel Cuenco Secretary of Health (December 13, 1964-December 29, 1965) |
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| Rodolfo Canos Secretary of Health (May 1, 1964-June 20, 1965) |
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| Floro Dabu Secretary of Health (July 23, 1965-March 6, 1964) |
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| Francisco Q. Duque Jr. Secretary of Health (January 1961-July 22, 1963) |
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| Ministry of Local Government and Community Development | Jose Roño Minister of Local Government and Community Development (January 1, 1973-March 31, 1986) |
| Ministry of Justice | Estelito Mendoza Minister of Justice (June 30, 1984-February 27, 1986) |
| Department of Justice | Ricardo Puno Secretary of Justice (July 28, 1979-June 30, 1984) |
| Catalino Macaraig Jr. Secretary of Justice (January 17, 1979-July 22, 1979) |
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| Vicente Abad Santos Secretary of Justice (August 2, 1970-July 16, 1979) |
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| Felix Makasiar Secretary of Justice (February 8, 1970-August 1, 1970) |
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| Juan Ponce Enrile Secretary of Justice (December 17, 1968-February 7, 1970) |
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| Claudio Teehankee Secretary of Justice (August 3, 1967-December 16, 1968) |
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| Jose Yulo Secretary of Justice (January 1, 1966-August 4, 1967) |
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| Salvador I. Marino Secretary of Justice (July 9, 1963-December 31, 1965) |
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| Juan R. Liwag Secretary of Justice (May 20, 1962-July 7, 1963) |
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| Jose W. Diokno Secretary of Justice (January 2, 1962-May 19, 1962) |
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| Ministry of Labor and Employment | Blas Ople Minister of Labor and Employment (1981-1986) |
| Department of Labor | Blas Ople Secretary of Labor (1967-1981) |
| Emilio Espinosa Secretary of Labor (1964-1967) |
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| Ministry of National Defense | Juan Ponce Enrile Minister of National Defense (June 30, 1981-February 26, 1986) |
| Department of National Defense | Juan Ponce Enrile Secretary of National Defense (January 4, 1972-June 30, 1981) |
| Ferdinand E. Marcos Concurrent capacity as President (August 28, 1971-January 3, 1972) |
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| Juan Ponce Enrile Secretary of National Defense (February 9, 1970-August 27, 1971) |
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| Ernesto S. Mata Secretary of National Defense (January 21, 1967-February 3, 1970) |
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| Ferdinand E. Marcos Concurrent capacity as President (December 31, 1965-January 20, 1967) |
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| Macario Peralta Jr. Secretary of National Defense (December 30, 1961-December 30, 1965) |
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| Ministry of Public Works and Highways | Jesus Hipolito Minister of Public Works and Highways (1980-1982) |
| Ministry of Public Works | Vicente T. Paterno Minister of Public Works (1979-1980) |
| Ministry of Transportation and Communication | Alfredo I. Juinio Minister of Transportation and Communication (1979-1981) |
| Ministry of Public Works, Communication, and Transportation | Alfredo I. Juinio Minister of Public Works, Communication, and Transportation (1975-1979) |
| Ministry of Social Services and Development | Sylvia P. Montes Minister of Social Services and Development (1981-1986) |
| Department of Social Services and Development | Nathaniel Tablante Secretary of Social Services and Development (1977-1978) |
| Estefania Aldaba-Lim Secretary of Social Services and Development (1971-1977) |
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| Department of Social Welfare | Gregorio Feliciano Administrator (1967-1971) |
| Feliciano T. Remotique Administrator (1966-1967) |
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| Ministry of Human Settlements | Imelda R. Marcos Minister of Human Settlements (1981-1986) |
| Ministry of Tourism | Jose D. Aspiras Minister of Tourism (May 11, 1973-February 25, 1986) |
| Ministry of Trade and Industry | Roberto V. Ongpin Minister of Trade and Industry (1981-1986) |
| Department of Commerce and Industry | Luis R. Villafuerte Sr. Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1979-1981) |
| Vicente T. Paterno Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1974-1979) |
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| Troadio T. Quiazon Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1971-1974) |
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| Ernesto M. Maceda Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1970-1971) |
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| Leonides Virata Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1969-1970) |
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| Marcelo Balatbat Secretary of Commerce and Industry (1965-1968) |
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| Presidential Executive Assistant | Juan Tuvera Executive Secretary (December 30, 1979-February 22, 1986) |
| Jacobo Calve Executive Secretary (December 8, 1975-December 23, 1979) |
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| Executive Secretary | Ponciano Mathay Executive Secretary (November 7, 1974-December 7, 1975) |
| Alejandro Melchor Jr. Executive Secretary (February 9, 1970-November 4, 1974) |
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| Ernesto M. Maceda Executive Secretary (July 26, 1969-February 7, 1970) |
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| Rafael Salas Executive Secretary (January 1, 1966-July 24, 1969) |
- Executive Orders: 1-994
- Administrative Orders: 1-504
- Memorandum Orders: 1-832
- Memorandum Circulars: 1-996
- Proclamations: 1-995
- Presidential Decrees: 1-991 (Has full force and effect of law)
- Letters of Implementation: 1-157
- Letters of Instruction: 1-995
- General Orders: 1-157
- Population: 33.71 million (1967)
- Population: 37.90 million (1972)
- Gross Domestic Product: P285,886 million (1966)
- Gross Domestic Product: P361,791 million (1971)
- Gross Domestic Product: P381,497 million (1972)
- Gross Domestic Product: P571,883 million (1985)
- GDP Growth Rate: 4.75% (1966-1971 average)
- GDP Growth Rate: 3.43% (1972-185 average)
- Income Per Capita: P8,932 (1967)
- Income Per Capita: P9,546 (1971)
- Income Per Capita: P9,802 (1972)
- Income Per Capita: P10,524 (1985)
- Total Exports: P70,254 million (1966)
- Total Exports: P63,626 million (1971)
- Total Exports: P71,572 million (1972)
- Total Exports: P137,341 million (1985)
- Unemployment Rate: 7.10% (1966)
- Unemployment Rate: 5.20% (1971)
- Unemployment Rate: 6.30% (1972)
- Unemployment Rate: 12.55% (1985)
- Peso-Dollar Exchange Rate: $1 = P3.9 (1966)
- Peso-Dollar Exchange Rate: $1 = P6.44 (1971)
- Peso-Dollar Exchange Rate: $1 = P6.3 (1972)
- Peso-Dollar Exchange Rate: $1 = P12.55 (1985)
Source: National Statistical Coordination Board, National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistics Office, Philippine Statistical Yearbook
This tab is currently under construction. Please check again soon.
- Republic Acts:
- Batasang Pambansa:
- Presidential Decrees:
These infographics were published as part of the Philippine Electoral Almanac, a compendium and handy resource of Philippine national elections from 1935 onwards, by the Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office.
1965 Presidential Elections
Senate President Ferdinand E. Marcos defeated re-electionist President Diosdado Macapagal with a comfortable 700,000 vote margin.
1965 Vice Presidential Elections
1965 Legislative Elections
Five Nacionalistas, two Liberals, and Senator Lorenzo Tañada of the Nationalist Citizens Party (NCP) won. Overall, the Senate was split between 11 Nacionalistas and 10 Liberals with the two Progressives and one NCP member in caucus with the opposition. The House was won by the Liberals but was soon thereafter under the Nacionalistas.
1967 Legislative Elections
1967 Plebiscite
1969 Presidential Elections
1969 Vice Presidential Elections
1969 Legislative Elections
1971 Constitutional Convention
1971 Legislative Elections
The fallout from the Plaza Miranda bombing resulted in an opposition win in the Senatorial race with six Liberals and two Nacionalistas winning. Despite the electoral rout by the LP, this translated to modest gains in the 24-seat upper chamber for the opposition, with only nine Liberals as opposed to 15 Nacionalistas.
Martial Law
President Marcos issues Proclamation No. 1081, placing the country under Martial Law and paving the way for the abolition of Congress. The Senate and the House of Representatives had adjourned on September 21, 1972. The regular session of 1973, which was meant to resume in January, was preempted by the ratification of the 1973 Constitution.
Click here for more information on Martial Law, published on the Official Gazette.
1973 Plebiscite
1973 Plebiscite
1975 Plebiscite
1976 Plebiscite
Batasang Bayan
President Ferdinand E. Marcos issues Presidential Decree No. 995, creating a legislative advisory council, the Batasang Bayan, a quasi-legislative machinery to normalize the legislative process for the eventual actualization of the 1973 Constitution.
1977 Plebiscite
Interim Batasang Pambansa
In order to fulfill the provisions of the 1973 Constitution on the institution of a parliamentary government, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signs Presidential Decree No. 1296, providing for the election of members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa. The Mambabatas Pambansa, also known as Assemblymen, would be elected per region, via a bloc-voting system.
1981 Plebiscite
1981 Presidential Elections
1981 Plebiscite
In a referendum held with the national elections, the majority voted to hold the barangay elections pursuant to Proclamation No. 2088.
1984 Plebiscite
Regular Batasang Pambansa
In contrast to the Interim Batasang Pambansa, the Assemblymen of the Regular Batasang Pambansa were elected at-large and per province.
1986 Presidential Elections
President Marcos succumbed to international pressure and called for a snap Presidential election. Though Marcos and his running mate former Senator and Assemblyman Arturo Tolentino were proclaimed by the Batasang Pambansa as the winners of the election, a popular revolt installed opposition leaders Corazon C. Aquino and Salvador H. Laurel as President and Vice President, respectively.
1986 Vice Presidential Elections
Seventy-five (75) SONAs have been delivered thus far. Click here to access the full list and links to all the SONAs of the Presidents of the Philippines.
First State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 24, 1966
The Epic of Nation-Building
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 23, 1967
A Nation of Achievers
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 22, 1968
New Filipinism: The Turning Point
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 27, 1969
National Discipline: The Key to Our Future
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 26, 1970
The Democratic Revolution
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 25, 1971
Strength through Crisis, Growth in Freedom
Delivered at the Legislative Building, Manila, on January 24, 1972
Report to the Nation after One Year of Martial Law
Delivered at the Malacañan Palace on September 21, 1973
The Barangay and the Imperative of National Unity
Delivered at the Maharlika Hall, Malacañan Palace, on September 21, 1974
The President’s Report to the Nation
Delivered at the Quirino Grandstand, Manila, on September 19, 1975
We Stand Proud as a Nation Today
Delivered at the Philippine International Convention Center, Manila, on September 21, 1976
The Years of Crisis Government: Review and Preview
Delivered at Rizal Park, Manila, on September 21, 1977
A Bold Experiment
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on June 12, 1978
Fourteenth State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 23, 1979
A Time of Challenge to the Nation
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 28, 1980
Sixteenth State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 27, 1981
Seventeenth State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 26, 1982
Eighteenth State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on January 17, 1983
Nineteenth State of the Nation Address of President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 23, 1984
A Turning Point for the Nation
Delivered at the Batasang Pambansa, Quezon City, on July 22, 1985
Click here to access the full list and links to all the SONAs of the Presidents of the Philippines.
