Manuel Roxas
First term: May 28, 1946 – July 4, 1946
Second term: July 4, 1946 – April 15, 1948

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1941-1946

1946-1965

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1946-1948

1948-1951

Biography
Cabinet
Issuances
Economic Data
Laws
Election Results
  • Era: Fifth President of the Philippines
    Third and last President of the Commonwealth
    First President of the Third Republic
    Constitution: Amended 1935 Constitution
    Preceded by: Sergio Osmeña
    Succeeded by: Elpidio Quirino
    First Inauguration: May 28, 1946, Legislative Building, Manila (aged 54)
    Second Inauguration: July 4, 1946, Independence Grandstand, Manila (aged 54)
    Capital: Manila
    Vice President: Elpidio Quirino (May 28, 1946-April 17, 1948)
    Chief Justice: Manuel V. Moran (July 09, 1945-March 20, 1951)
    Senate President: Jose Avelino (May 25, 1946-July 4, 1946; July 5, 1946-February 21, 1949)
    Speaker of the House: Eugenio Perez (May 25, 1946-July 4, 1946; July 5, 1946-December 30, 1949)

    Previous Positions

    Executive Provincial: Governor of Capiz (1919-1921)Bureaucracy: Chairman, Bigasan ng Bayan (1943-1943)Cabinet: Secretary of Finance (1938-1941)Cabinet: Secretary to the President (Executive Secretary) (1941-1942)

    National: Chairman, National Economic Council (1938-1941)
    Legislative Local: Municipal Councilor (1917-1919)Lower House: Representative of the 1st District of Capiz (1922-1934)Lower House: Speaker of the House of Representatives (1922-1933)Lower House: Assemblyman representing the 1st District of Capiz, National Assembly (1935-1938)

    Upper House: Senate President (July 9, 1945–May 25, 1946)

    Upper House: Senator (July 9, 1945–May 25, 1946)
    Judicial Secretary and law clerk to Chief Justice Cayetano Arellano
    Others Delegate, 1935 Constitutional ConventionMember, 1943 Preparatory Commission on Philippine IndependenceMilitary: Brigadier General

    Personal Details
    Born January 1, 1892
    Capiz (now Roxas City), Capiz
    Died April 15, 1948
    Clark Air Base, Pampanga
    Resting Place Manila North Cemetery, Manila
    Political Parties Partido Colectivista Liberal (1922)
    Partido Nacionalista Consolidado (1923-33)
    Partido Nacionalista (“Pro”) (1934)
    Nacionalista Coalition (Coalition Party) (1935-1937)
    Partido Nacionalista (1937-1941)
    Nacionalista Party (1945-1946)
    Partido Nacionalista-Liberal Wing (1946)
    Liberal Party (1946-1948)
    Parents Gerardo Roxas
    Rosario Acuña
    Spouse Trinidad de Leon
    Children Senator Gerardo Roxas
    Ruby R. Roxas
    Alma Mater Manila High School (1909)
    Bachelor of Laws, University of the Philippines (1913)
    Occupation Lawyer
    Law professor

  • Department of Agriculture and Commerce
    Mariano Garchitorrena Secretary May 28, 1946 – 1948

    Department of  Public Instruction
    Manuel V. Gallego Secretary May 28, 1946 – September 20, 1948

    Department of Finance
    Miguel Cuaderno Secretary November 23, 1946 – January 2, 1949
    Elpidio Quirino Secretary May 28, 1946 – November 24, 1946

    Department of Foreign Affairs
    Elpidio Quirino Secretary July 5, 1946 – May 1950

    Department of Health
    Antonio C. Villarama Secretary May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948

    Department of Interior
    Jose Zulueta Secretary May 28, 1946 – 1948

    Department of Justice
    Roman Ozaeta Secretary May 28, 1946 – September 1948

    Department of Labor and Employment
    Pedro Magsalin Secretary May 28, 1946 – 1948

    Department of National Defense
    Ruperto K. Kangleon Secretary May 28, 1946-April 17, 1948

    The Department of Public Works and Communications
    Ricardo Nepomuceno Secretary May 28, 1946-1949

    Social Welfare Commission
    Antonio Villarama Secretary 1946-1948
    Asuncion A. Perez Commissioner October 27, 1946

    Chief of the Executive Office
    Nicanor Roxas Chief of the Executive Office September 10, 1947 – February 6, 1948
    Emilio Abello Chief of the Executive Office May 30, 1946 – September 3, 1947

    Executive Secretary
    Emilio Abello Executive Secretary February 26, 1948 – March 30, 1948
  • The Executive Orders issued by President Roxas started with Executive Order No. 110, continuing the numbering of President Sergio Osmeña. In July 4, 1946, with the inauguration of the Third Republic of the Philippines, the number of the issuances was reset with Executive Order No. 1, s. 1946. He issued a total of 129 Executive Orders.

    • Executive Orders: 110–111; 1–127
    • Administrative Orders: 1–50
    • Proclamations: 1–60
    • Population: 19.23 million (1948)
    • Gross Domestic Product: P85,269 million (1947)
    • GDP Growth Rate: 39.5% (1946-1947 average)
    • Income Per Capita: P4,434 (1947)
    • Total Exports: P24,824 million (1947)

    Source: National Statistics Office

  • It was under his administration that the legislation of Republic Acts began. President Roxas signed a total of 421 Republic Acts.

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    • Republic Acts:
  • On April 23, 1946, national elections were held to choose new members of Congress, the President, and the Vice President of the Philippines.

    1946 Presidential Elections

    1946 Legislative Elections

    The Second Congress of the Commonwealth convened on May 25, 1946; however, it would only last until July 4, 1946, with the inauguration of the Third Republic of the Philippines. Members of both Houses of Congress thus formed the First Congress of the Republic of the Philippines.

    1947 Plebiscite

    In a plebiscite in 1947, U.S. citizens were granted the right to utilize Philippine natural resources – however, it was later revoked.

    1947 Senate Midterm Elections

    Elections were held on November 11, 1947 to fill the 8 vacant seats in the Philippine Senate.

    Click here for more information on the Philippine Legislature published on the Official Gazette.